Modified total arch replacement for surgical repair of Stanford type A aortic dissection / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of modified total arch replacement by retrospectively analyzing the clinical outcome of surgical patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection (AAD). Methods From June 2015 to December 2016, 39 consecutive patients with AAD were recruited to this study. This modified technique was preformed under general anesthesia and a 30℃ hypothermia circulatory arrest (HCA) with continual bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion. Different surgical approaches were applied according to the aortic root condition: Bentall procedure (4 patients), David procedure (2 patients), aortic valve plasty and ascending aortic replacement (25 patients) and Cabrol procedure (8 patients). Concomitant procedures included mitral valve plasty (1 patient) and tricuspid valve plasty (1 patient). Results The average cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), aortic occlusion time (ACC), HCA and operation time was 218.5±42.2 min, 134.2±32.4 min, 4.9±2.3 min and 415.5±80.5 min respectively. Four patients required dialysis and 2 patients developed temporary neurological deficit. No permanent neurological deficit, postoperative paraplegia or in-hospital death occurred. Computed tomography examination was performed on all patients before discharge and 3 months after discharge. The follow-up result showed that 37 patients developed complete thrombosis in the false lumen and 2 patients developed partial thrombosis. Conclusion Modified total arch replacement is a safe and effective approach for AAD. It can greatly avoid postoperative complications and provide satisfactory short-term outcomes.

Clinical strategy of surgical management for Marfan syndrome in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To retrospectively reviewed our experience of the surgical and perioperative treatment of patients suffering from critical Marfan syndrome with severe left ventricular dysfunction and to evaluate its therapeutic effect and prognosis. Methods     Between January 2012 and October 2016, 15 patients diagnosed with Marfan syndrome combined with severe left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction≤40% or left ventricular end diastolic diameter≥75 mm) underwent operations for aortic root aneurysm in Zhujiang Hospital and Guangdong General Hospital. Among them, 11 were males and 4 were females with a mean age of 32.9±8.7 years ranging from 19 to 55 years. Five patients with aortic dissection underwent Bentall procedure and total arch reconstruction with stent graft implantation. Two patients underwent Bentall procedure and hemi-arch replacement, seven patients underwent Bentall procedure and one patient underwent Cabrol procedure. Concomitant procedures included mitral valve repair in 12 patients, mitral valve replacement in 3 patients and tricuspid valve repair in 12 patients. Results     There were 11 patients (73.3%) receiving intra-aortic balloon pumping implantation. One (6.7%) in-hospital death occurred. The left ventricular end diastolic diameter decreased from 80.5±7.4 mm to 58.3±6.0 mm (P<0.05) and the left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 37.3%±5.2% to 46.3%±4.4% 3 months postoperatively (P<0.05). The left ventricular end diastolic diameter decreased from 80.5±7.4 mm to 53.7±3.6 mm (P<0.05) and the left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 37.3%±5.2% to 57.7%±4.2% after one year (P<0.05). No death and reoperation occurred in the follow-up. Conclusion     Although the patients with Marfan syndrome and severe left ventricular dysfunction usually have a high surgical mortality, the key to satisfactory outcomes of severe Marfan syndrome is adequate preoperative preparation, complete correction of all vascular lesions during the operation, application of circulatory auxiliary device and perioperative strict and long-term ICU monitoring.

Effects of digastric muscle low frequency modulated medium frequency electroacupuncture therapy and voice training for dysphagia in patients with aortic arch surgery: A randomized controlled trial / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To investigate the combined effects of digastric muscle low frequency modulated medium frequency electro-acupuncture therapy and voice training for dysphagia in patients who underwent aortic arch surgery. Methods     Forty-two consecutive patients with dysphagia after aortic arch surgery between October 2014 and November 2017 were divided into two groups including an observation group and a control group. There were 21 patients in each group. There were 17 males and 4 females at age of 51.0±6.5 years in the observation group, while 18 males and 3 females at age of 49.8±7.3 years in the control group. The patients in the observation group underwent electroacupuncture therapy and voice training (20 min per day for each therapy, 2 weeks), while the patients in the control group only received safe swallowing education and rehabilitation guidance (2 weeks). The test results, such as fibrolaryngoscope and functional oral intake scale (FOIS) score, and the data of computer phonatory detection, before and after the intervention were  compared. Results     The fibrolaryngoscope of vocal cords significantly decreased and the FOIS score significantly increased after digastric muscle low frequency modulated medium frequency electro-acupuncture therapy and voice training in the observation group(6.30 vs. 4.60, P<0.05). Bucking was obviously reduced. The indicators of hoarse degree, such as median pitch, fundamental frequency, jitter (0.60%±0.96% vs. 1.99%±1.86%, P=0.033), shimmer (2.47%±4.26% vs. 5.89%±3.66%, P=0.043), maximum phonation time (15.31±9.10 s vs. 3.72±8.83 s, P=0.006), maximum and loud phonation time (9.30±5.73 s vs. 2.32±2.99 s, P=0.039), mean noise-to-harmonics ratio (23.99±10.17 vs .9.98±9.37, P=0.006) and mean harmonics-to-noise ratio (0.03±0.02 vs. 0.17±0.23, P=0.019) improved after the treatment in both groups. But the improvement in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group. Conclusion     The combination of digastric muscle low frequency modulated medium frequency electro-acupuncture therapy and voice training on dysphagia in patients who underwent aortic arch surgery can significantly improve the swallowing function of patients. Meanwhile, it also helps the recovery of phonic function and improves the ability of feeding and communication in these patients.

A Key Component Determination on Forming Fairy Tofu from the Leaf of Premna Puberula (Verbenaceae).

A key component of Fairy Tofu from leaves of Premna puberula Pamp. was determined by immediate constituent analysis and prescription dismantlement analysis. The results showed that pectin in leaves of P. puberula was the key component as forming Fairy Tofu. It was because the highest component was pectin in Fairy Tofu except water, the pectin extracting directly from the leaves of P. puberula could be formed the jelly like Fairy Tofu, and the leaves which pectin was hydrolyzed by pectinase could not be made Fairy Tofu.

Unique nucleotide polymorphism of ankyrin gene cluster in Arabidopsis.

The ankyrin (ANK) gene cluster is a part of a multigene family encoding ANK transmembrane proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, and plays an important role in protein-protein interactions and in signal pathways. In contrast to other regions of a genome, the ANK gene cluster exhibits an extremely high level of DNA polymorphism in an approximately 5-kb region, without apparent decay. Phylogenetic analysis detects two clear, deeply differentiated haplotypes (dimorphism). The divergence between haplotypes of accession Col-0 and Ler-0 (Hap-C and Hap-L) is estimated to be 10.7%, approximately equal to the 10.5% average divergence between A. thaliana and A. lyrata. Sequence comparisons for the ANK gene cluster homologues in Col-0 indicate that the members evolve independently, and that the similarity among paralogues is lower than between alleles. Very little intralocus recombination or gene conversion is detected in ANK regions. All these characteristics of the ANK gene cluster are consistent with a tandem gene duplication and birth-and-death process. The possible mechanisms for and implications of this elevated nucleotide variation are also discussed, including the suggestion of balancing selection.